--- title: "Cognitive Behavioural Therapy - Skills to Beat Anxiety | CBT & Counselling Kent" description: "Numerous studies have shown that an intolerance of uncertainty is a key factor in evoking anxiety. People who believe they cannot tolerate uncertainty often…" lang: en-GB json-ld: | [ { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "headline": "Cognitive Behavioural Therapy - Skills to Beat Anxiety", "description": "Numerous studies have shown that an intolerance of uncertainty is a key factor in evoking anxiety. 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[Home](/) - [Blog](/blog) - Cognitive Behavioural Therapy - Skills to Beat Anxiety [Back to Blog](/blog) # Cognitive Behavioural Therapy - Skills to Beat Anxiety January 24, 2021 ![Cognitive Behavioural Therapy - Skills to Beat Anxiety](https://rxvhnvwmfwrneowddnji.supabase.co/storage/v1/render/image/public/blog-images/imported/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-skills-to-beat-anxiety.jpg?width=1200&resize=contain&quality=80) ## **The problem of uncertainty** Numerous studies have shown that an intolerance of uncertainty is a key factor in evoking [anxiety](https://cbtandcounsellingkent.co.uk/blog/what-counselling-is-best-for-anxiety). People who believe they cannot tolerate uncertainty often procrastinate, avoid situations, seek constant reassurance and/or carry out excessive checking. Ref – Carleton et al “_Certain About_ _Uncertainty_” [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22366534/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22366534/) 2012 (accessed 22 January 2021) Because uncertainty is distressing for some of us, many people try to control or eliminate it altogether. For instance, when a person with [OCD washes their hands compulsively](https://cbtandcounsellingkent.co.uk/blog/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd-therapy), they’re really trying to control the uncertainty of getting contaminated. Or, when a person with [health anxiety](https://cbtandcounsellingkent.co.uk/blog/overcoming-health-anxiety-cbt-for-anxiety) believes there is something wrong, they try to control their discomfort by ‘Googling’ their symptoms or making an appointment with their GP to gain certainty they are not ill. In reality, these compulsive behaviours only provide a temporary relief from distress and instead. only intensify the obsession. Avoidance also feeds the original fear and it keeps growing and growing. ### **Learn to recognise rumination.** Rumination is the process of continuously worrying about the same thoughts. Thoughts that tend to be negative or dark. The habit of rumination impacts mental health because it can prolong or intensify anxiety – as well as impairing your ability to think and process emotions rationally. The best thing to do when you’re ruminating is to accept the thoughts as ‘just thoughts’ We cannot control our thoughts and neither do they do us any harm. The only control we have over our thoughts is how we respond to them. Therefore, by allowing them to pass in their own time rather than trying to block them out lessens the impact on our emotions. It is also helpful to recognise that your thoughts might not be accurate/factual so and by trying to avoid distressing thoughts just increases the intensity and intrusion of the thoughts you’re trying not to have. ### **Recognising unhelpful thought distortions.** Cognitive distortions, also known as thought distortions are habitual, irrational ways of thinking, that are usually inaccurate and negatively biased. They are irrational because they are rarely fact based and tend to be based on something that hasn’t happened the ‘what if’s’ Cognitive distortions tend to develop over time, in response to adverse events. They are often reinforced through our thoughts and what we tell ourselves. “I have got a pain in my chest, I must have cancer” “My husband is late home. It’s raining, his car must be upside down in a ditch “ These are all classic examples of cognitive distortions: thought patterns that cause people to view reality in inaccurate — usually negative — ways. In short, they’re habitual errors in thinking. When you experience cognitive distortions, your interpretation of events are usually negatively biased. Most people experience cognitive distortions from time to time. But the continual reinforcement can increase anxiety, lead to depression and cause relationship difficulties. ### **Different types of thought distortions** #### **Polarised thinking** Sometimes called black or white or all or nothing thinking. This distortion occurs when people get into the habit of thinking in extremes. When you’re convinced that you’re either destined for success or doomed to failure, that the people in your life are either angelic or evil, you are probably engaging in polarised thinking. This kind of distortion is both unrealistic and unhelpful because most of the time reality exists somewhere between the two extremes. ##### **Catastrophising** Catastrophising is another form of distorted thinking. This is when someone assumes that the worst will happen (even though they are often not sure what the worst really is) It involves believing that you are in a worse situation than you really are – or exaggerating the difficulties you face. When people catastrophise, when faced with the unknown or an uncertain situation, ordinary concerns can quickly escalate**.** [Find a qualified therapist and book your first session](https://cbtandcounsellingkent.co.uk/find-your-therapist) whenever you feel ready. For example, if a self-employed person has no work for a period of time, they may catastrophise that, as a consequence, that they may not be able to pay rent/mortgage and the whole family will be homeless. Alternatively, for people who experience health anxiety – a chest pain can quickly escalate to them believing they having a heart attack and will ultimately die. #### **Demands** Demands are when people find themselves thinking in terms of what they “should” or “shouldn’t “do or what they “want or “don’t want” Demands don’t change anything – they only increase anxiety. When we start accepting our thoughts instead of demanding we don’t have them – they tend to go away. This means, changing our internal language from a demand such as “_I don’t want to keep worrying, I can’t bear it_” to a preference, such as “_It would be nice if I worried less- but worries won’t hurt me. I may not like it, but I know I can tolerate it”_ #### **Emotional reasoning** Emotional reasoning is the false belief that your emotions are the truth and the way you feel about a situation means it is fact. There is a very true saying “_just because I feel bad doesn’t mean it is bad”_ Emotional reasoning is a common cognitive distortion. It’s a pattern of thinking that’s used by people with and without anxiety or depression. The key is recognising thought distortions is to ask yourself is it I am _exactly_ thinking you are when you feel distressed. What _exactly_ are you worried about. It is important to be clear on this because some thoughts are likely to be cognitive distortion. ### **How to help yourself** #### **Work through anxious thoughts** [Cognitive restructuring](https://cbtandcounsellingkent.co.uk/blog/what-does-cbt-therapy-do) is a powerful way to get more comfortable with uncertainty. The basic idea is to no longer ‘blindly’ accept the automatic negative thoughts and instead develop the skill of challenging them. For example, if the thought is “_I can’t bear not knowing about_….” Replace it with this more realistic/rational thought: “_I would prefer it if I could be certain about…. I don’t like it but I can deal with it.”_ #### **The use of mindfulness techniques.** [Mindfulness is a type of meditation](https://cbtandcounsellingkent.co.uk/blog/mindfulness) in which you focus on being intensely aware of what you’re sensing and feeling in the moment, without interpretation or judgment. Practicing mindfulness involves breathing methods and other practices to relax the body and mind and help reduce stress. #### **Be kind to yourself** Criticising or getting frustrated with yourself when you make a mistake or when one of your personal imperfections shows up is likely to lead to rumination and avoidance. Research has shown that by accepting and talking kindly to yourself, not only helps you feel better, it also increases the motivation for self-improvement. #### **Seek professional CBT help** [CBT can help](https://cbtandcounsellingkent.co.uk/blog/cbt-therapy-counselling-kent) by bringing awareness to the thoughts which lead to distorted thinking patterns about yourself and your situation. CBT is about taking ‘emotional responsibility’ for your feelings. That doesn’t mean you are to ‘blame’ but it does mean you (as we all are) responsible for how you respond to things. CBT is not about making you ‘happy’ when negative situations arise or people behave in a way that you don’t happen to like. CBT is about enabling you to be rational in such an event by dealing in fact and evidence as opposed to your interpretation or beliefs. Ready to talk about cognitive behavioural therapy - skills to beat anxiety? 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This is a practical guide to finding a qualified CBT therapist who is right for you. [Read Article](/blog/finding-cbt-therapist-canterbury) ![Hands gripping a stone bridge parapet, overlooking a castle, river, and arched bridge.](https://rxvhnvwmfwrneowddnji.supabase.co/storage/v1/render/image/public/blog-images/simply-coping-in-canterbury-isnt-enough-anymore-o9wd03.png?width=1200&resize=contain&quality=80) August 13, 2026 [ ### When Simply 'Coping' Isn't Enough Anymore ](/blog/cbt-counselling-canterbury) Life in a city like Canterbury can be beautiful, but what happens when you feel disconnected from it all? If anxiety or stress leaves you feeling stuck, discover how local CBT counselling can offer a practical way forward. 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